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KMID : 0613820170270060708
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Journal of Life Science
2017 Volume.27 No. 6 p.708 ~ p.725
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The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Ultrastructural Changes and Mechanism on the Cytoplasmic Organelles
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Lee Mu-Seok
Lee Jong-Kyu
Nam Ji-Ho
Ha Tae-Young
Im Young-Hyun
Kil Sang-Hyeong
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Abstract
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Ionizing radiation is enough energy to interact with matter to remove orbital electrons, neutrons, and protons in the atom. Ionizing radiation like this leads to oxidizing metabolism that alter molecular structure through direct and indirect interactions of radiation with the deoxyribonucleic acid in the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles or via products of cytoplasm radiolysis. These ionization can result in tissue damage and disruption of cellular function at the molecular level. Consequently, ionizing radiation-induced modifications of ion channels and transporters have been reported. When the harmful effects exceed those of homeostatic biochemical processes, induced biological changes persist and may be propagated to progeny cells. Also, Reactive oxygen species formed on the effect of ionizing radiation can get across into neighboring cells through the cell junctions that are responsible for intercellular chemical communication, and may there bring about changes characteristic to radiation damage. Depending on radiation dose, dose-rate and quality, these protective mechanisms may or may not be sufficient to cope with the stress. This paper briefly reviewed reports on ionization radiation effects on cellular level that support the concept of radiation biology. A better understanding of the biological effects of ionizing radiation will lead to better use of and better protection from radiation.
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KEYWORD
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Cytoplasmic organelles, ionizing radiation, radiation damage, reactive oxygen species
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